Gas-stove.



qu. 9 7., V. o N d. e t n e .t a. P

V. W. BLANCHARD.

K GAS sTove. (Application ledKApr. 30, 189B. Renewed Aug'. 21, 1899.) i

2 Sheets-Sheet l,

(mi Mobel.)

Wlnesses. o

THE NORRIS PETERS CO. PHOTO-LITHD.. WASHINGTON. D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VIltGrlL` W. BLANCHARD, OAF NEW YGRK, N. Y.

GAS-sTovE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 636,710, dated November7, 1899.. Application iiled April 30, 1898. Renewed August 21, 1899.Serial No. 727,979.v (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that LVIRGIL W. BLANCHARD, of New York, in the county of NewYork and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Gas-Stoves; and I hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description thereof, reference beinghadto theaccompanyingdrawings, which form part of this specification.

This invention is an improvement in gasstoves; and its object is to soconstruct the same as to produce intense heat.

My improved apparatus is so constructed that the gaseous fuel isrepeatedly subjected to the oxidizing effects of heated airintroducedtherein at different points in its prog-A ress through the apparatus,the final combustion' taking place vwithin an inverted-domeshapedcombustion-chamber which, is heated to incandescence and may be inclosedWithin a casing provided with side openings `closed by mica or othertransparent refractory material,so that the light from the heated domecan be diffused around the apparatus.

The apparatus is also designed with an eye to simplicity and economy ofconstruction, as well as with a view to attaining approximately thecomplete oxidation of all the combustible elementsin the gaseous fueland to increase the economy of the apparatus by the consumption of theoxygen in large quantities in the heated air.

The invention therefore consists in the novel construction andcombination of parts hereinafter described and claimed whereby thedesired ends are attained. Y

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinalsection through the complete gas-stove. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectionof the same on line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section on line 3 3, Fig.l.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the base of the apparatus, whichis provided with an imperforate top a, through the center of whichprojects the upturned end of a gas-inlet pipe B, to which gas issupplied from the service-pipe through a valved nipple b, which isconnected to pipe B by a small jet b', so that the gas admitted intopipe B is supplied immediately with a modicum of air at the jet b, asshown. Upon this base B is supported an imperforate cylinder C, uponwhich is supported a plate C of greater diameter than the cylinder,having perforations c in its4 topto admit air into the upper end of thecylinder, as shown.

Supported uponA base A and projecting through acentral opening in plateC' is a tube D, the lower end of which surrounds the upturned end ofpipe B and is provided with air-inlets d around the end of pipeB, sothat as the gas enters tube D from pipe B a sec. ond modicum of warm airwill be supplied thereto through the openings d. Y The plate C forms thebottom of an airheating chamber E, the top and sides of which are formedby a casting, which has an annular portion or plate F, forming the topof the chamber E, said plate being of larger diameter than plate C andprojecting beyond the same and has a depending annulariiange f, whichfits into peripheral grooves C2 at the outer end of plate C', and saidflange f forms the outer Wall of the air-heating chamber E. The castingalso has an upstanding flange f' and is provided with an annular seriesof perforations f2 at the base of and tothe inside of fiange f', bywhich air can enter the chamber E.

Supported on plate F and just Within the openings f2 is a casing G,whose top g is provided With a central opening g for the escape ofproducts of combustion, surrounded by an upstanding iiange g2.

Within the casing G and suspended from the top thereof is aninverted-cup-shaped shell II, the top of which is imperforate. The sidewalls of shell I'I terminate above the plate F, leaving a space h forthe passage of the products of combustion. Within the shell H andsupported upon plate F isa cylinder I, which surrounds the centralopening in plate F and rises to near the top of shell II, and its upperend is closed by a perforated casting J, which has a central dependingtube J', which lies directly above the tube D, so that the gasesescaping from tube D pass into the tube .I' and in so doing drawthereinto another modicum of hot air from the chamber E. This tube J' iswhat I term the primary combustion-chamber, as therein the initialcombustion takes place, and the walls of said tube become very hot andassist in heating the air in the annular passages I2 exterior IOSthereto. The plato J has numerous perforations 7' in it surrounding theupper end of tube J', so that the hot air can pass up through thecylinder I and escape into the shell II from the perforations in castingJ, as shown.

The space K above the plate J and within the upper end of shell II formsthe secondary and principal combustion-chamber of the apparatus.

The casing Gcan be centered upon plate F by means of radial ribs f3,projecting inward from the fiange f of plate F. If desired, the casing Gmay be inelosed in a suitable hood L, supported in the annular extensionI `l or plate F, as shown, and on this hood may be placed a detiector M,as shown in dotted lines in Fig. l. The casing G may be provided withlight-openings closed by plates of mica or other suitable non-refractorymaterial G, so that the light from the incandescent shell H may radiatethrough these openings.

In the drawings the featherless arrows indicate the air, thehalf-feathered arrows indicate the gas, and the full-feathered indicatethe products of combustion or the commingled air and gases. The shellHis suspended rigidly in position within the casing G by the nu ttedbolts h,su rrou n ded by sleeves h2. The parts J, F, C', C, and A may besecurely locked together by means of tie-rods N, as indicated in thedrawings.

In the operation of my invention the casing G and shell H are removedand the gas ignited at the upperend of tube J. Then the shell and casingshould be replaced. The gas issuing under pressure into tube B throughjet b takes in the first quota of air through the aperture h2 in thepipe. The mixed gas and air then passes through tube B into tube D andtherein takes to itself another second quota of air through theperforations d. The current of gases iiowing from tube D into tube Jwill take to itself still another quot-a of air from the chamber Ethrough the space between the said tubes, and the mixture burns in tubeJ as the primary combustion-chamber, and the products of combustionpassing up the entire length of tube J are delivered into the secondarycombustion-chamber K at the upper end of shell H, quickly raising thetop of said shell to a very high temperature and highly heating thewalls of the descending and ascending flues k and k, respectively,between the cylinder I and shell H and between the latter and casing G,the heated current of gases finally escaping through the outlet g, as isevident. Heated air is admitted to the tube D and combustionchambersfrom the chamber E, and currents of fresh air will be drawn into saidchamber by the suction of the outgoing currents of heated gases, andthis heated air from cha-mber E will be more or less forcibly injectedinto the burning gases at the points CZ', perforationsj, and at theopening between the tubes D and J', as shown. Vhen the heat in thechamber K reaches its maximum of intensity, which is evident by the wallof the shell H becomingincandescent, the temperature of the air inchamber E will be proportionately7 increased before it is injected intothe burning gases. In fact, before the air enters thecombustion-chambers it is heated approximately to the temperature insaid chambers. As the air passes upward around tube J it is subjected tothe heat of the combustible gases within said tube and also to the heatof the burning gases in the flue 7c. By this means a suitable volu me ofhighly-heated air is added to the partially-consumed burning gases inthe primary combustion-chamber or tube J and a still larger volume ofmore highly-heated air is injected into the intensely-heated products ofcombustion in the secondary combustion-chamber K through the concentricseries of perforationsj,where by approximately complete oxidation of allthe combustible elements in the fuel is realized.

It is well known that by injecting into ignited heated gases fresh airheated to a temperature approximating that of such gases less air isrequired to attain the combustion of the gases than would be otherwisenecessary. It is also known that by introducing hot air in smallquantities at various points into a current of burning gases a moresuccessful and gradual oxidizing of such gases is realized and thetemperature of the products of combustion regularly increased instead ofbeing lowered by theintroduction of the air. These known facts areutilized in my improved stove, wherein I supply partially-consumedburning gases with fresh air heated to a temperature approximatin g thatof the gases, thereby effecting the combustion ot' the latter with theleast expenditure of air thatis possible and realizing the highesttemperature in the combustion-chamber K. It will be observed, therefore,that the current of air entering and traversing chamber E moves in theopposite direction to the current of gases traversing chambers J and Kand passages 7o k', and it therefore results that the heat absorbed bythe air is taken from the products of combustion after completeoxidation of the gases has been eiiected and is immediately returned tothe hot gases into which the air is ejected without loss by externalradiation. Hence in my invention there is no loss of heat from theapparatus in heating air to an intense temperature for accomplishing thecomplete oxidation of the fuel.

During the passage ot' the ignited gases through the primarycombustion-chamber or tube J the carbon contained in them isapproximately reduced to carbonio oxid and the hydrogen to Water, and itis in the passage of this mixture through the comb ustion-chamber K thatthe carbonio oxid (CO) in them is reduced to carbonio acid, (CO2.)Therefore the resultant heated gases escaping at the outlet g areodorless and are free from the poisonous diffusible gaseous carboniooxid IOO IIO

(CO) which is set free by the combustion of fuel in ordinary gas-stoves.

It is obvious that various modifications may be made in the form andconstruction of'the apparatus within the scope of my invention, andtherefore I do not consider it restricted to the specific deviceillustrated in the drawings.

It will be observed that the upstanding ange f extends above the bottomof the flues 7c 7a. It thus results that the cool air is caused tocirculate first downward beside the lower end of passage 7c', then undersaid passage, and then upward through the central passage beside theflue k. Naturally the heat will be greatest at the bends in the du es,and therefore by using the iiange f' more of this heat is utilized thanWould be the case if this flange were omitted.

Having thus described my invention, what I therefore claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent thereon, is-

1. In a gas-stove, the combination of the air-heating chamber, thecombustion-chamber above the same, the mixing-tube for conducting gasinto the combustion-chamber, a cylinder exterior to the tube forming anairpassage beside said tube communicating at top With thecombustion-chamber, through a ser-ies of perforations and descending andascending combustion-dues exterior to the combustion-chamber andcommunicating therewith, for the purpose and substantially as described.

2. In a gas-stove, the combination of the air-heating chamber, thecombustion-chamber above the same, a gas-inlet tube in the bottom ofsaid air-chamber, a mixing-tube for conducting the gas into thecombustion-chamber, a cylinder exterior to the tube forming an annularair-passage surrounding said tube and communicating at top with thecombustion-chamber through a series of perforations and escape-fines forthe products of combustion above the air-heating chamber, for thepurpose and substantially as described.

3. In agas-stove, the combination of acombustion-chamber, a gas-inlet, atube for conducting the burning gases into said combustion-chamber, acylinder exterior to the tube forming an annular air-passage surroundingsaid tube for supplying air to the said combustion-chamber, and annulardescending and ascending flues for the products of combustion, inclosingsaid annular air-flue and combustion chamber, substantially asdescribed.

4t. In a gas-stove, the combination of an airheating chamber, acombustion chamber above the same, a gas-inlet in the bottom of saidair-heating chamber, a tube for conducting the gases into saidcombustion-chamber, a cylinder exterior to the tube forming an annularpassage surrounding said tube for supplyin g heated air to the saidcombustion-chamber, and annular descending and ascending iiues for theproducts of combustion, inclosing said annular air-flue andcombustionchamber, and above the air-chamber, substantially asdescribed.

5. In a gas-stove, the combination of an airheating chamber, acombustion-chamber, ascending and descending flues leading from thelatter, a mixing-tube for conducting gas to the'combustion-chamber, acylinder exterior to the tube, forming an annular Vair-passage leadingfrom the air-heating chamber to the com bustion-chamber, and a series ofairjets at the upper end of said passage for admitting air therefrominto said combustionchamber, all stfbstantially as and for the purposeset forth. a

6. In a gas-stove, the combination of an airheating chamber, a centralgas-inlet tube therein, a cylinder exterior to the tube forining anair-passage above said gas-inlet tube, having a perforated plate closingits upper end, and a mixing-tube depending from said plate; with a combustion-chamber above said plate, closed at top and descending-finesleading from said combustion-chamber and surrounding theair-passage,substantially as and for the purpose described.

7. In a gas-stove,the combination of the cylinder, the tube suspended insaid cylinder leaving an air-space between the tube and cylinder, andthe inverted shell suspended over the tube and forming acombustion-chamber at the upper end thereof, and means for admitting gasinto the lower end of said tube, and means for admitting air into thespace around the tube for the purpose and substantially as described.

8. In a gas-stove, the combination of the base, the plate and castingsupported thereon, forming an air-chamber, the cylinder supported onsaid chamber, the tube suspended in said cylinder leaving an air-spacetherebetween, the inverted shell suspended over the tube and forming acombustion-chamber at the upper end thereof, means for admitting gasinto the lower end of said tube, and means for admitting air to saidspace, and from said space to the combustion-chamber and theescape-flues for the products of combustion, substantially as described.

9. In a gas-stove, the combination of the base, the cylinder, the tubesuspended in said cylinder leaving an air-space therebetween, theinverted shell suspended over the tube and forming a combustion-chamberat the upper end thereof, means for admitting gas into the lower end ofsaid tube, means for admitting air to said space, and from its upper endinto the combustion-chamber and a casing inclosing said shell,substantially as and for the purpose described.

10. In a gas-stove, the combination of the base, the cylinder, the tubesuspended in said cylinder, the inverted shell suspended over the tubeand forming a combustion-chamber at the upper end thereof, means foradmitting ITO gas into thelowerend of said tube, and acasing inclosingsaid shell, substantially as and for the purpose described.

l1. In a gas-stove, the combination of the base, the gas-supply pipe,the air-chamber, the vertical gas-mixing tube above the chamber intowhich the gas is admitted, the combustion-chamber at the upper end ofsaid tube, acylinder exterior to the tube forming the annular airpassagesurrounding said tube, and annular ascending and descending iiuescommunicating with the combustionchamber and surrounding saidair-passage, for the purpose and substantially as described.

12. In a gas-stove, the combination of the air-heating chamber, havingacentral vertical air-passage, a tube depending into said passage, andmeans for admitting gas into the lower end of said tube, and theinverted-cupshaped shell suspended above said tube and surrounding saidair-passage, and communicating therewith and spaced therefromsubstantially as described.

13. In a gas-stove, the combination of the air-heating chamber having acentral vertical air-passage, the perforated plate closing the upper endof said air-passage, a gas-mixing tube depending from said plate, andmeans for adlnitting gas into the lower end of said tube; with theinverted-cup-shaped shell suspended over said tube and surrounding saidair-passage and spaced therefrom, and the casing exterior to said shellwhereby is formed a eombustioirehamber above the tube and descending andascending liuc passages exterior thereto, substantially as described.

14. rlhe combination of the base, the gassupply pipe, the cylindersupported on said base, the perforated plate closing the upper end ofsaid cylinder, and the mixing-tube projecting through said plate; with acasting F supported on said plate and forming an air-chamber E, thecylinder supported on said casting F, a central depending tube in saidcylinder and an inverted-cup-sl1aped shell suspended from the casingexterior to and spaced from said cylinder, for the purpose andsubstantially as described.

l5. The combination of the base, the gasinlet pipe, the cylindersupported on said base,

the perforated plate closing the upper end of said cylinder, and themixing-tube projecting through said plate; with acasting supported onsaid plate and forming an air-chamber E, the cylinder supported on saidcasting, the perforated plate J, supported on said cylinder, having acentral depending tube J', and an inverted-cup-shaped shell suspendedfrom the casing exterior to and spaced from said cylinder and alsospaced from the casing, for the purpose and substantially as described.

1G. The herein-described gas-stove, consisting of the base A, thegas-pipe B, the cylinder C supported on said base, the perforated plateO' supported on said cylinder, and the gas and air mixing tube D withinthe cylinder C, the casting F supported on the plate C' and forming anair-chamber E, the cylinder I supported on plate F, and the perforatedplate supported on the cylinder I and having a depending gas-mixing tubeI, with the casing also supported on the plate F and theinverted-cup-shaped shell II suspended within the casing and inclosingthe cylinder I but spaced therefrom, all substantially as and for thepurpose described.

17. The herein-described gas-stove, con sisting of the pipes A, thegas-pipe having gas and air mixing jet Z1', the cylinder Osupported onsaid base, the perforated plate C' supported 011 said lcylinder and thegas and air mixing tube D Within the cylinderC; the casting F supportedon the plate C' and forming therewith an air-chamber E, and havingupstanding flanges f', the cylinder I supported on plate F, theperforated plate J supported on the cylinder I and havinga dependinggas-mixing tube J', with the casing also supported on the plate F, theinvertedeup-shaped shell H suspended Within the casing and inclosing thecylinder I but spaced therefrom, and the cover L and deector M, allsubstantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I atlix my signaturein presence of two witnesses.

VIRGIL IV. BLANCHARD.

In presence of JAMES R. MANSFIELD, B. T. WEBSTER.

